Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the circulatory system that have specific actions at sites remote to the site of secretion. A signaling cell sends a signaling molecule (cytokine, chemokine, etc) that binds to a receptor on the target cell. The main signaling molecules of endocrine glands are hormones.
Three types of cellular communication via chemical compounds
-
Autocrine Same cell Paracrine Nearby cells via tissue fluid Endocrine Distant cells via circulation
Two Types of Glands
-
Exocrine Secretion through a duct
Endocrine Ductless glands
* Please note that the pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
Cell signaling can lead to:
- Gene activation
- Growth factor synthesis
- Receptor synthesis
You know a substance is a hormone / endocrine gland if:
- Removal of the gland produces abnormal symptoms
- Symptoms are alleviated when gland or extract of the gland is returned to the organism
- Administered hormone (natural or synthetic) relieves symptoms
Four main functions of hormones are:
- Control of reproduction
- Regulation of growth and development
- Maintain internal environment (homeostasis)
- Regulate energy production, utilization, and storage
Three Types of Hormones Secreted By Endocrine Glands
|
Hormone |
Example |
| Peptides | Insulin (cannot be taken orally) |
| Amines | Dopamine |
| Steroids | Estrogen |
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Last updated October 2013
